post-5.1: rthreads uthreads (until 5.1) have shortcomings one process, one CPU all fds are put in nonblocking mode, some side-effects some syscalls don't work 100% correctly (kevent, open of FIFOs) rthreads: 1:1 kernel model threads of a single process spread over CPUs no more behind-the-scenes nonblocking-mode for fds problems with blocking syscalls gone